Table 1.
Clinical and Echocardiographic Baseline Characteristics of the Randomized Treatment Groups
| All, N = 124 | No Recurrence Within 12 Months, n = 29 | Recurrence Within 12 Months, n = 95 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 19 (15) | 6 (21) | 13 (14) | 0.53 |
| Mean age, y | 67.1 ± 8.7 | 65.0 ± 8.3 | 67.7 ± 8.8 | 0.09 |
| AF duration, d | 62.8 ± 32.8 | 58.6 ± 35.1 | 64.1 ± 32.2 | 0.43 |
| DM | 14 (11) | 2 (7) | 12 (13) | 0.59 |
| HTN | 61 (50) | 17 (59) | 44 (47) | 0.37 |
| Dyslipidemia | 32 (26) | 5 (17) | 27 (29) | 0.32 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.3 ± 4.64 | 29.6 ± 5.7 | 29.2 ± 4.3 | 0.95 |
| EHRA class (I/II/III/IV) | 1/64/59/0 | 0/14/15/0 | 1/50/44/0 | |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score total | 1.67 ± 1.22 | 1.55 ± 1.09 | 1.70 ± 1.26 | 0.61 |
| HAS‐BLED score total | 1.11 ± 0.77 | 1.10 ± 0.82 | 1.12 ± 0.76 | 0.94 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACEI | 15 (12) | 4 (14) | 11 (12) | 1 |
| ARB | 16 (13) | 2 (7) | 14 (15) | 0.43 |
| Statin | 29 (23) | 5 (17) | 24 (25) | 0.52 |
| Dabigatran etexilate | 124 (100) | 29 (100) | 95 (100) | 1 |
| β‐Blocker | 103 (83) | 24 (83) | 79 (83) | 1 |
| CCB | 20 (16) | 6 (21) | 14 (15) | 1 |
| Digitalis | 15 (12) | 3 (10) | 12 (13) | 0.63 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| LA volume, mL | 72.2 ± 9.66 | 72.0 ± 9.45 | 72.3 ± 9.77 | 1 |
| LVEF, % | 51.6 ± 8.32 | 52.2 ± 9.92 | 51.5 ± 7.81 | 0.46 |
| LV volume, mL | 105.0 ± 15.2 | 104.4 ± 16.2 | 105.2 ± 14.9 | 0.66 |
| LVESD, cm | 3.79 ± 0.487 | 3.82 ± 0.529 | 3.78 ± 0.476 | 0.80 |
| LVEDD, cm | 5.10 ± 0.372 | 5.13 ± 0.368 | 5.09 ± 0.375 | 0.75 |
| E/a (after DCC) | 1.12 ± 0.444 | 0.99 ± 0.215 | 1.23 ± 0.554 | 0.25 |
| E/E′ | 7.97 ± 2.34 | 8.55 ± 2.31 | 7.79 ± 2.33 | 0.06 |
| E′, lateral/medial average | 10.1 ± 1.47 | 10.1 ± 1.21 | 10.1 ± 1.55 | 0.94 |
| Deceleration time, ms | 199.2 ± 64.0 | 198.4 ± 35.9 | 199.4 ± 70.3 | 0.36 |
| LV septum, cm | 1.07 ± 0.127 | 1.09 ± 0.122 | 1.07 ± 0.130 | 0.40 |
| LV global strain baseline | 13.2 ± 2.65 | 13.4 ± 3.43 | 13.1 ± 2.39 | 0.58 |
| LA transverse diameter | 4.69 ± 0.593 | 4.47 ± 0.524 | 4.76 ± 0.598 | 0.03 |
| LA longitudinal diameter | 5.39 ± 0.520 | 5.48 ± 0.567 | 5.37 ± 0.505 | 0.255 |
| LASI | 0.869 ± 0.102 | 0.818 ± 0.078 | 0.885 ± 0.104 | 0.0006 |
Abbreviations: a, late diastolic filling velocity; ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CHA2DS2‐VASc, congestive heart failure, HTN, age ≥75 y, DM, stroke/TIA, vascular disease, age 65–74 y, sex category (women); DCC, direct‐current cardioversion; DM, diabetes mellitus; e′, early diastolic mitral annular velocity; E, early diastolic filling velocity; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; HAS‐BLED, hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile INR, elderly, drugs or alcohol; HTN, hypertension; INR, international normalized ratio; LA, left atrial; LASI, left atrial sphericity index; LV, left ventricular; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.