Table 3.
Variable | OR | 95% CI | P Value |
---|---|---|---|
Cardiogenic shock | 1.66 | 1.21‐2.27 | 0.002 |
Cardiac arrest | 3.42 | 2.16‐5.42 | <0.001 |
ICH | 13.96 | 8.28‐23.54 | <0.001 |
Age (per 10‐unit change) | 1.97 | 1.77‐2.20 | <0.001 |
Sex | |||
M | Ref | ||
F | 1.07 | 0.86‐1.33 | 0.571 |
Deyo modification of CCI scorea | |||
0–1 | Ref | ||
2 | 1.46 | 1.14‐1.88 | 0.003 |
≥3 | 2.03 | 1.56‐2.63 | <0.001 |
Hospital bed size | |||
Small | Ref | ||
Medium | 0.85 | 0.26‐2.78 | 0.783 |
Large | 0.89 | 0.31‐2.52 | 0.820 |
Hospital teaching status | |||
Nonteaching | Ref | ||
Teaching | 0.81 | 0.43‐1.53 | 0.513 |
Hospital region | |||
Northeast | Ref | ||
Midwest | 0.82 | 0.29‐2.28 | 0.697 |
South | 0.93 | 0.37‐2.37 | 0.882 |
West | 0.70 | 0.25‐1.93 | 0.488 |
Median HHI category for patient Zip code, %b | |||
0–25 | Ref | ||
26–50 | 1.11 | 0.85‐1.45 | 0.444 |
51–75 | 0.77 | 0.53‐1.12 | 0.174 |
76–100 | 0.70 | 0.44‐1.12 | 0.136 |
Primary payer | |||
Medicare/Medicaid | Ref | ||
Private insurance (including HMOs) | 0.93 | 0.70‐1.24 | 0.628 |
Other/self‐pay/no charge | 1.13 | 0.76‐1.67 | 0.551 |
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CI, confidence interval; F, female; HHI, household income; HMO, health maintenance organization; ICD‐9‐CM, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; M, male; OR, odds ratio; Ref, referent; STEMI, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Charlson/Deyo Comorbidity Index was calculated as per Deyo classification. Comorbidities were identified by ICD‐9‐CM code mentioned in any of the diagnostic fields.
This represents a quartile classification of the estimated median HHI of residents in the patient's Zip code. These values are derived from Zip code demographic data obtained from Claritas. The quartiles are identified by values of 1 to 4, indicating the poorest to wealthiest populations. Because these estimates are updated annually, the value ranges vary by year (http://www.hcup‐us.ahrq.gov/db/vars/zipinc_qrtl/nisnote.jsp).