Effect of ranolazine on atrial myocytes. Ranolazine suppresses diastolic depolarization, atrial myocyte excitement, as well as EAD and DAD, and results in decreased risk of atrial arrhythmias such as AF. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; APD, action potential duration; DAD, delayed after depolarization; EAD, early after depolarization; late INa, late Na+ current; peak INa, peak Na+ current.