Effect of ranolazine on ventricular myocytes. Ranolazine blocks late INa, causing decrease in APD and intracellular Ca2+ with suppression of EAD and DAD and resulting in decrease risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; APD, action potential duration; DAD, delayed after depolarization; EAD, early after depolarization; late INa, late Na+ current; peak INa, peak Na+ current.