Table 1.
Summary of the included studies
| Source | Study Participants | Sample size | RBBB types | Mean/median follow‐up duration, M | Follow‐up process | Outcome Assessment | Adjusted for multiple variables (Yes/No) | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eriksson P, 20051 | General population‐men aged 52 y in Sweden | 7,392 | Complete | Mean unknown, follow‐up over 28 y | Hospital records, the Swedish National Register on death, stroke register and MI register | All‐cause mortality, cardiac death, acute MI, heart failure | Yes | In men with RBBB, there was no increased risk of MI, HF, cardiac death or all‐cause mortality. |
| Stein R, 20102 | General population‐ Veteran men aged 59 y in USA | 9,623 | Complete | 106 | The California Death Index and the Social Security Death Index | All‐cause mortality and cardiac death | Yes | Exercise‐induced RBBB was not associated with all‐cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality. |
| Zhang ZM, 20124 | General population‐women aged 62 y in the Women's Health Initiative in USA | 53,605 | Complete | 168 | Annual telephone follow‐up, vital records, and community surveillance of hospitalized and fatal events | All‐cause mortality and cardiac death | Yes | RBBB in women without CVD was not significant predictor for all‐cause mortality or cardiac death. |
| Bussink BE, 20135 | General population‐men and women aged ≥20 y in Copenhagen City Heart Study | 18,441 | Complete | 246 | Obtained from the National Patient Registry and the National Danish Causes of Death Register | All‐cause mortality, cardiac death, acute MI, heart failure | Yes | RBBB was associated with increased cardiovascular risk and all‐cause mortality. |
| Kleemann T, 20086 | Acute STEMI and NSTEMI men and women aged 69 y in Germany | 26,636 | Complete | 12 M for NSTEMI, 15.7 M for STEMI | Telephone follow‐up | All‐cause mortality | Yes | Unlike RBBB in STEMI, RBBB in NSTEMI was not an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality. |
| Wong CK, 20067 | Acute MI men and women aged 61 y in HERO‐2 trial | 17,073 | Complete | 1 | Hospital records, death certification | All‐cause mortality | Yes | RBBB accompanying anterior acute MI was independent predictor of high 30‐day mortality. |
| Widimsky P, 20128 | Acute MI men and women aged 65 y in Czech Republic | 6,742 | Complete | In‐hospital | Hospital records | All‐cause mortality | Unknown | In hospital mortality of patients with AMI and RBBB was highest from all ECG presentations of AMI. |
| McCullough PA, 20059 | Acute HF men and women aged 63 y in USA | 2,907 | Complete | 23.4 | Stae of Michigan Death Certificate Registry, record of a death within death identification service | All‐cause mortality | Yes | RBBB was associated with increase all‐cause mortality. |
| Cinca J, 201310 | Chronic HF men and women aged 66 y in Spain | 1,762 | Complete | 21 | Outpatient annual visits, readmission, or event reports | All‐cause mortality, cardiac death | Yes | RBBB was associated with increased all‐cause mortality and cardiac death. |
| Manzano L, 201111 | Chronic HF men and women aged 76 y in multicenter SENIORS trial | 2,128 | Not clearly stated | 21 | Clinical visits | All‐cause mortality | Yes | RBBB was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality but not in multivariate cox regression model. |
| Abdel‐Qadir HM, 201112 | Acute HF men and women aged 75 y in Canada | 9,082 | Complete | 60 | Registered Persons Database | All‐cause mortality | Unknown | RBBB was associated with increased all‐cause mortality |
| Archbold RA, 199813 | Acute MI men and women aged 60 y in London | 1,220 | Complete | 6 | Hospital records, general practitioner records or direct inquiry | All‐cause mortality | Unknown | RBBB was significantly associated with increased all‐cause mortality. |
| Haataja P, 201521 | Individuals from the Heath 2000 survey‐men and women aged over 30 y in Finnish | 6,299 | Complete | 98 | The Causes of the Death register maintained by Statistic Finland | Cardiac death | Yes | RBBB was not associated with the risk of cardiac death. |
| Hess B, 200122 | Subjects referred for symptom‐limited exercise nuclear exercise testing‐men and women aged 60 y in USA | 7,073 | Complete | 80 | Social Security Administration Death Master Files | All‐cause mortality | Yes | Complete RBBB and LBBB were independent predictors for all‐cause mortality risk even after adjustment for exercise capacity, nuclear perfusion defects, and other risk factors. |
| Taniguchi M, 200323 | Pilots men aged 53 y in Japan | 2,722 | Complete | 131 | Clinical visits | All‐cause mortality | N/A | No patient died and RBBB did not confer a poor prognosis. |
| Ahmadi A, 201424 | Acute MI men and women aged 61 y in Iran | 20,750 | No clearly stated | In‐hospital | Hospital records | All‐cause mortality | Yes | RBBB was associated with increased risk for in hospital mortality in acute MI patients. |
| Iwasaki J, 200925 | Acute MI men and women aged 70 y in Japan | 1,227 | Complete | In‐hospital | Hospital records | All‐cause mortality | Unknown | New permanent RBBB during inferior MI was a strong predictor for increased in‐hospital mortality. |
| Melgarejo‐Moreno A, 199726 | Acute MI men and women aged >50 y in Spain | 1,238 | Complete | 12 | Hospital records, unknown after discharge | All‐cause mortality | Yes | RBBB was an independent predictor for early and 1‐year mortality. |
| Baldasseroni S, 200327 | Acute HF men and women aged 70 y in Italy | 5,517 | Complete | 12 | Clinical visits, telephone interview using standardized questionnaire | All‐cause mortality | N/A | LBBB but not RBBB was an independent predictor of death in HF patients. |
MI, myocardial infarction; HF, heart failure; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction; SENIORS, Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure; ECG, electrocardiogram; LBBB, left bundle branch block; N/A, non‐applicable.