Table 2:

Association of Cognition and Frailty among Breast Cancer Patients and Controls: Change in Cognition and Change in Frailty Score between Baseline and Post-chemotherapy

Variables	Change in Frailty Score between Baseline and Post-chemotherapy
Change in total FACT- Cog score	−0.003**
	(0.002)
Change in COWA		−0.037**
		(0.017)
Change in CANTAB DMS			−0.000
			(0.002)
Baseline CANTAB RVP				0.001
				(0.004)
Baseline TMT					0.008***
					(0.003)
Baseline HVLT-R immediate						−0.009
						(0.034)
Baseline HVLT-R delayed recall							−0.000
							(0.025)
Baseline Frailty Score	−0.635***	−0.647***	−0.641***	−0.649***	−0.643***	−0.643***	−0.641***
	(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.044)
Cancer Patient (Yes=1)	1.034***	1.077***	1.095***	1.102***	1.089***	1.103***	1.112***
	(0.097)	(0.092)	(0.093)	(0.094)	(0.091)	(0.092)	(0.093)
Age (>=65)	0.125	0.080	0.096	0.086	0.068	0.089	0.070
	(0.104)	(0.103)	(0.104)	(0.104)	(0.102)	(0.103)	(0.104)
Race (White=1)	0.031	0.059	0.055	0.057	0.051	0.057	0.073
	(0.168)	(0.165)	(0.166)	(0.167)	(0.164)	(0.165)	(0.166)
Marital Status (Married=1)	−0.198**	−0.212**	−0.227**	−0.244**	−0.237**	−0.219**	−0.218**
	(0.096)	(0.095)	(0.096)	(0.098)	(0.095)	(0.095)	(0.096)
Education (Some College or Above=1)	0.123	0.160	0.162	0.177*	0.139	0.159	0.126
	(0.106)	(0.104)	(0.106)	(0.107)	(0.104)	(0.105)	(0.105)
KPS (>=70)	−0.700	−0.564	−0.655	−0.657	−0.620	−0.650	−0.674
	(0.719)	(0.718)	(0.725)	(0.726)	(0.715)	(0.720)	(0.716)
Baseline anxiety (STAI)	−0.003	−0.002	−0.003	−0.003	−0.001	−0.002	−0.003
	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Baseline depression (MFSI)	0.125*	0.116*	0.123*	0.126*	0.123*	0.116*	0.109*
	(0.065)	(0.065)	(0.067)	(0.067)	(0.066)	(0.065)	(0.066)
Constant	1.243	1.070	1.171	1.190	1.143	1.144	1.190
	(0.774)	(0.772)	(0.780)	(0.782)	(0.770)	(0.776)	(0.770)
Obs	568	570	565	560	568	570	555
R-squared	0.370	0.374	0.364	0.367	0.376	0.369	0.373

Footnote: Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between frailty and cognition, controlling for age (50–64 versus ≥65 years), race (Caucasian versus other), marital status (married versus other), education (≥ some college versus ≤ high school), performance status (≥70 versus <70), baseline anxiety (STAI), baseline depression (MSFI) and baseline frailty score. Standard errors are reported in brackets.

^*significant at 10%;

^**significant at 5%;

^***significant at 1%.

^†significant at 11%.

STAI, State Trait Anxiety Inventory; MFSI, Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory; FACT-Cog, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy; COWA, Controlled Oral Word Association test; CANTAB, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery; DMS delayed match to sample test; RVP, Rapid Visual Processing; TMT, Trail Making Test; HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning and Memory Test-Revised.