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. 2018 Jan 31;2018(1):CD001746. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001746.pub4

Yucel 2014.

Methods Country: Turkey
Setting: community (home and telephone)
Type: RCT
Participants 80 mothers of children aged 1 to 5 years who smoked and/or whose spouses smoked
Interventions Intensive intervention: consisting of 3 home visits, 2 telephone follow‐ups, and urine cotinine notification. Initial home visit provided brochures for whole family to read. Five behavioural change techniques were used: (1) providing information, (2) engaging in goal‐setting behaviour (not smoking in the home) and outcome (to reduce children's ETS exposure), (3) using follow‐up prompts, (4) educating to use prompts (i.e. "no smoking" warning signs in the home), and (5) providing environmental restructuring (i.e. removing ashtrays in the house).
Control: minimal intervention comprising 2 home visits and urine cotinine notification
Outcomes Child exposure: urine cotinine; home smoking ban; number of cigarettes smoked in home
Target behavioural change: home smoking ban
Type of intervention Community‐based
Notes Conflict of interest: none declared
Source of funding: Ege University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project No. 2009 Medicine 037)
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Stratified using SAS statistical programme. However, 12 mothers were substituted with other mothers due not wishing to participate, inability to collect child urine, or not meeting the participation criteria. Unclear if this was before or after randomisation
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Not specified
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk 97.5% follow up
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Objective cotinine measure (blinding not specified)