Zhang 1993.
| Methods | Country: China Setting: school CT; schools in 1 district received intervention, compared with schools in a second district | |
| Participants | 20,382 children in 44 primary schools 68.8% of intervention and 65.5% of control fathers smoked at baseline. | |
| Interventions | Intervention: A tobacco prevention curriculum comprising social and health consequences of tobacco use and training in refusal skills was introduced. Smoking control policies for schools were encouraged. Children in intervention schools wrote letters to their fathers to ask them to quit smoking and monitored their smoking behaviour. Control: usual curriculum | |
| Outcomes |
At 8 months: • Self‐report of smoking cessation by smoking fathers during interview with health educator |
|
| Type of intervention | Community‐based | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | No randomisation reported |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | See above. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information on missing data reported |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Self‐report only; differential misreport possible |
5 As: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange. BAM: Behavioural Action Model. CBFRS: Community‐Based Family Resource and Support. CHG: Child's Health Group. CO: carbon monoxide. CPD: cigarettes per day. CT: controlled trial. EPA: Environmental Protection Agency. ETS: environmental tobacco smoke. FeNO: fractional exhaled nitric oxide. GP; general practitioner. IgE: immunoglobulin E. ITT: intention‐to‐treat. MHG: Mother's Health Group. MI: motivational interviewing. min: minute(s). NICU: neonatal intensive care unit. NIH: National Institutes of Health. NRT: nicotine replacement therapy. PAM: Precaution Adoption Model. RCT: randomised controlled trial. Rint: interrupter resistance measurement. SHI: smoking hygiene intervention. SHS: second‐hand smoke. SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.