Hebenstreit 1986.
Methods | Allocation: randomised, no further details.
Blindness: double (identical film‐coated tablets).
Duration: 3 months.
Design: parallel. Setting: psychiatric ward, Austria. Raters: all assessments were made by the same examiner. No reference to rater blinding was reported. |
|
Participants | Diagnosis: symptoms of TD using AIMS. N = 35. Sex: only female. Age: range 43 to 82 years. Duration TD: not reported. | |
Interventions | 1. Celiprolol: single dose 200 mg/day. N = 17. 2. Placebo: N = 18. All patients received additional antipsychotic medication. |
|
Outcomes | Improvement in TD symptom using SKAUB (German version of AIMS). Quality of life. Leaving the study early. Unable to use ‐ Adverse effects: diarrhoea, hypotensive circulatory dysregulation, collapsing, cold sensation in extremities, tremor, heartburn, dizziness, sleeplessness, changes in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and pulse (no usable data). |
|
Notes | No information on sponsorship. Article in German. |
|
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | "randomized"; details not reported. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Allocation concealment not reported. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Double blind, identical film‐coated tablets. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information is provided. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Exclusions are reported but no information on whether they were accounted for or discounted from the analysis. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Outcome data for adverse events not fully reported. |
Other bias | Low risk | The study seems to be free from other sources of bias. |