Prunet 2008 passive.

Methods	Study design: Randomised Controlled Trial. Object of randomisation: procedures. Two intervention arms and one control arm
Participants	France. Anaesthetist physicians and anaesthetist nurses in the operating room and emergency performing IV infusion. Number studied: 759 procedures. Intervention group one n = 251, Control group n = 254 (divided over the two arms).
Interventions	Arm 1: use of passive safety catheter (Introcan Safety). Intervention 2: use of active safety catheter (Insyte Autoguard). Control group used the Vialon non‐safety catheter. We divided the control group over the two intervention arms.
Outcomes	1. Number of cases in which the patient's blood stained the operator's skin, gloves, mask, or any other clothing; 2. Number of cases in which the patient's blood stained the stretcher or floor. Secondary outcome: Ease of use and sense of protection.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"the type of venous catheter to use was determined randomly in a three ball ballot box."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"The choice of the catheter was randomised by using a single blinded envelope method"
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information on blinding available.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information reported about the number of excluded patients.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	"If the operator considered the patient's vein unsuitable for placing an 18 G catheter, the patient was excluded from the protocol"
Similar recruitment of groups	Low risk	Not reported but adequate randomisation to the control or intervention group.
Adjustment for baseline differences	Low risk	Adequate randomisation, no additional adjustment needed in the analysis.
Other bias	Low risk	The study appears to be free of other types of bias.