Talukdar 2009.

Methods	Prospective randomised trial in a single centre
Participants	120 children of both sexes aged 0 ‐ 12 years (mean age 3.2 years) presenting with an episode of convulsion, irrespective of cause and duration. Those patients with myoclonic, absence and atonic seizures were excluded
Interventions	Buccal midazolam versus intravenous diazepam
Outcomes	Cessation of all motor activity within or by 5 minutes of administration of the drug Treatment initiation time (time from noting seizure to drug administration), drug effect time (time from drug administration to effect) and total controlling time, a combination of the previous two
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "randomisation was done using the random number table" Comment: probably done
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to assess this
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Study unblinded, but blinding would not have been possible due to the different routes of administration of the 2 study drugs; this is not likely to have affected outcome
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants were included in the analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All prespecified outcomes were reported in the Results section
Other bias	Low risk	None identified

IV: intravenous
 PICU: paediatric intensive care unit
 RCT: randomised controlled trial