Zhang 2011a

Methods	Study design: parallel group randomised trial. Study dates: not available. Setting: outpatient. Country: China.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: not specified. Exclusion criteria: not specified. Sample size: 96. Age (years): overall: 22˜50. Baseline NIH‐CPSI score: not available. Sex: men.
Interventions	Group 1 (n = 50): TaiJiQuan (Tai Chi) 20‐40 min every day for 1 month added to usual care (see cointerventions). Group 2 (n = 46): usual care. Cointerventions: Herbal medications, orally 4 times daily, 1 month. Discontinue all other medications. After 1 month of trial, discontinued all medications and observed the effectiveness of treatment.
Outcomes	None of the predefined outcomes in the review.
Funding sources	Not mentioned.
Declarations of interest	Not mentioned.
Notes	Trial was poorly reported both in methods and results sections.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: 'patients were randomly divided into control group and trial group' (in Chinese); however, unclear what exact method was.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation concealment not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Subjective outcomes	High risk	Considering the visibly different interventions, blinding was unlikely.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Considering the visibly different interventions, blinding was unlikely.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information available.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear whether there was selective outcome reporting (no protocol available).
Other bias	Low risk	No other sources of bias identified.