1. HRQoL subscales and HRQoL‐related instruments used by investigators.
| QoL domain and instrument name | Direction of response | Trials using this scale |
| Cognitive function | ||
| Cognitive problems ‐ Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) Symptom Checklist | Higher score indicates worse status. | Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014 |
| Cognitive function ‐ European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30) | Higher score indicates better status. |
Herrero 2006; Mehnert 2011; Saarto 2012 |
| Cognitive function ‐ Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive (FACT‐C) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Rogers 2009 |
| Confusion ‐ Profile of Mood States (POMS) | Higher score indicates worse status. | Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Pinto 2003 |
| Emotional function/mental health | ||
| Psychosocial global score ‐ Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System Short Form (CARES‐SF) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Schmitz 2005 |
| Emotional function ‐ EORTC QLQ‐C30 | Higher score indicates better status. | Do 2015; Herrero 2006; Mehnert 2011; Saarto 2012 |
| Emotional well‐being ‐ FACT‐General (FACT‐G) | Higher score indicates better status. | Banasik 2011; Cadmus 2009; Courneya 2003; Daley 2007; Littman 2012; Loh 2014; Milne 2008; Murtezani 2014; Naumann 2012; Rogers 2009; Rogers 2015; Vallance 2007 |
| Emotions ‐ Lymphedema Quality of Life Tool (LYMQOL) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Loudon 2014 |
| Mental composite ‐ Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12 (MOS SF‐12) and MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. | SF‐12: Cuesta‐Vargas 2014; Fillion 2008 SF‐36: (Cormie 2014; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; Pinto 2015; Schmitz 2009 |
| Mental health ‐ MOS SF‐12 | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013; Basen‐Enquist 2006; Cadmus 2009; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; McKenzie 2003; Mehnert 2011; Pinto 2015 |
| Role emotion ‐ MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013; Basen‐Enquist 2006; Cadmus 2009; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; McKenzie 2003; Mehnert 2011 |
| Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) | Higher score indicates better status. | Pinto 2003 |
| Total mood disturbance score ‐ POMS | Higher score indicates worse status. | Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Pinto 2003; Pinto 2005 |
| Anxiety and depression ‐ POMS | Higher score indicates worse status. | Fillion 2008 |
| Anger ‐ POMS | Higher score indicates worse status. | Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Pinto 2003 |
| General health perspective | ||
| Global health ‐ EORTC QLQ‐C30 | Higher score indicates better status. | Do 2015; Ergun 2013; Herrero 2006; Mehnert 2011; Saarto 2012 |
| Current health ‐ International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013 |
| General health ‐ MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013; Basen‐Enquist 2006; Cadmus 2009; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; McKenzie 2003; Mehnert 2011; Mustian 2004 |
| Single question on perceived general health | Higher score indicates better status. | Rogers 2009 |
| Perceived physical function | ||
| Physical condition ‐ Body Esteem Scale (BES) | Higher score indicates better status. | Pinto 2003; Pinto 2005 |
| Physical strength ‐ Body Image and Relationships Scale (BIRS) | Higher score indicates worse status. | Schmitz 2009 |
| Physical global ‐ CARES‐SF | Higher score indicates worse status. | Schmitz 2005 |
| Physical function ‐ EORTC QLQ‐C30 | Higher score indicates better status. | Do 2015; Herrero 2006; Mehnert 2011; Saarto 2012 |
| Physical well‐being ‐ FACT‐G | Higher score indicates better status. | Banasik 2011; Cadmus 2009; Courneya 2003; Daley 2007; Littman 2012; Loh 2014; Milne 2008; Murtezani 2014; Naumann 2012; Rogers 2009; Rogers 2015; Vallance 2007 |
| Physical well‐being ‐ IBCSG | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013 |
| Physical function ‐ MOS SF‐12 | Higher score indicates better status. | Cuesta‐Vargas 2014; Fillion 2008 |
| Physical function composite score ‐ MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; McKenzie 2003; Mehnert 2011; Mustian 2004; Schmitz 2009; Winters‐Stone 2011 |
| Role function | ||
| Marital global score ‐ CARES‐SF | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Schmitz 2005 |
| Role function ‐ EORTC QLQ‐C30 | Higher score indicates better status. | Do 2015; Herrero 2006; Mehnert 2011; Saarto 2012 |
| Functional well‐being ‐ FACT‐G | Higher score indicates better status. | Banasik 2011; Cadmus 2009; Courneya 2003; Daley 2007; Littman 2012; Loh 2014; Milne 2008; Murtezani 2014; Naumann 2012; Rogers 2009; Rogers 2015; Vallance 2007 |
| Function ‐ LYMQOL | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Loudon 2014 |
| Physical role function ‐ MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013; Basen‐Enquist 2006; Cadmus 2009; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; McKenzie 2003; Mehnert 2011; Mustian 2004 |
| Sexuality | ||
| Sexual attractiveness ‐ BES | Higher score indicates better status. |
Pinto 2003; Pinto 2005 |
| Appearance and sexuality ‐ BIRS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Schmitz 2009 |
| Sexual function and sexual enjoyment ‐ EORTC QLQ‐C30 | Higher score indicates better status. |
Saarto 2012 |
| Sexual global ‐ CARES‐SF | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Schmitz 2005 |
| Sexual functioning ‐ Sexual Activity Questionnaire | Higher score indicates better status. |
Duijits 2012 |
| Sleep | ||
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSI) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Bower 2011; Carson 2009; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; Payne 2008; Rogers 2009; Rogers 2013; Rogers 2014 |
| Sleep disturbance (0 to 9 scale) | Higher score indicates higher disturbance. |
Carson 2009 |
| Sleep objectively via accelerometers | Higher sleep time and efficiency indicate better status. | Rogers 2013; Rogers 2014 |
| Social function | ||
| Social functioning ‐ BIRS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Schmitz 2009 |
| Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Mehnert 2011 |
| Social function ‐ EORTC QLQ‐C30 | Higher score indicates better status. | Herrero 2006; Mehnert 2011; Saarto 2012 |
| Social well‐being ‐ FACT‐G | Higher score indicates better status. | Banasik 2011; Cadmus 2009; Courneya 2003; Daley 2007; Littman 2012; Loh 2014; Milne 2008; Murtezani 2014; Naumann 2012; Rogers 2009; Rogers 2015; Vallance 2007 |
| Social support ‐ IBCSG | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013 |
| Social functioning ‐ MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. | Baruth 2013; Basen‐Enquist 2006; Cadmus 2009; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; McKenzie 2003; Mehnert 2011; Mustian 2004 |
| Social Barriers Scale | Higher score indicates better status. |
Mehnert 2011 |
| Other psychological outcomes | ||
| Anxiety | ||
| Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Loh 2014 |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Duijits 2012; Heim 2007; Mehnert 2011; Musanti 2012 |
| Tension‐anxiety ‐ POMS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Fillion 2008; Pinto 2003 |
| Anxiety ‐ Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Rogers 2014 |
| Social Physique Anxiety Scale‐7 (SPAS‐7) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Milne 2008 |
| State‐Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cadmus 2009; Segar 1998 |
| Cohen’s 10‐item perceived stress scale | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Bower 2011; Cadmus 2009 |
| Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Mehnert 2011 |
| Depression | ||
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Bower 2011; Daley 2007; Ergun 2013; Kaltsatou 2011; Naumann 2012; Saarto 2012; Segar 1998 |
| Centres for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES‐D) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cadmus 2009; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; Payne 2008; Schmitz 2005 |
| DASS‐21 | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Loh 2014 |
| HADS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Duijits 2012; Heim 2007; Mehnert 2011; Musanti 2012 |
| Depression subscale ‐ POMS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Fillion 2008; Pinto 2003 |
| Depression ‐ PROMIS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Rogers 2014 |
| Fatigue | ||
| Brief Fatigue Inventory | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Ergun 2013 |
| Fatigue subscale ‐ FACT‐F | Higher score indicates better status. |
Baruth 2013; Courneya 2003; Littman 2012; Loh 2014; Peppone 2015; Rogers 2009; Saarto 2012; Short 2014; Vallance 2007 |
| Likert scale responses to fatigue‐related items (0 to 4) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Banasik 2011 |
| Linear visual analogue scale (VAS) for fatigue (0 to 10) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Loudon 2014; Pinto 2005 |
| Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory (MFSI) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Bower 2011; Fillion 2008; Heim 2007; Peppone 2015; Rogers 2013; Rogers 2014 |
| Fatigue subscale ‐ POMS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Pinto 2003 |
| Fatigue ‐ PROMIS | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Rogers 2014 |
| Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Cuesta‐Vargas 2014; Daley 2007; Musanti 2012; Naumann 2012; Payne 2008 |
| Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale (SCFS) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Milne 2008; Winters‐Stone 2011 |
| Fatigue 0 to 9 scale | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Carson 2009 |
| Happiness/satisfaction with life | ||
| 2‐Item Fordyce Happiness Measure | Higher score indicates better status. |
Cadmus 2009 |
| Happiness measure | Higher score indicates better status. |
Courneya 2003 |
| Life Satisfaction Inventory (LSI) | Higher score indicates better status. |
Kaltsatou 2011 |
| Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) | Higher score indicates better status. |
Daley 2007 |
| Pain/disability | ||
| Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cormie 2014; Fillion 2008; Irwin 2015 |
| Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Cormie 2014; Irwin 2015; Portela 2008 |
| Pain subscale ‐ EORTC QLQ‐C30 | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Do 2015; Mehnert 2011 |
| Pain scale ‐ MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. |
Baruth 2013; Basen‐Enquist 2006; Cadmus 2009; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; Mehnert 2011; Mustian 2004 |
| University of Rochester Cancer Center Symptom Inventory (URCC SI) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Peppone 2015 |
| Pain VAS 0 to 10 | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Loudon 2014 |
| 5‐Point Likert scale version of 24‐item Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Irwin 2015; Rogers 2009 |
| Pain 0 to 9 scale | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Carson 2009 |
| Self‐esteem | ||
| BES | Higher score indicates better status. |
Pinto 2003; Pinto 2005 |
| Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Mehnert 2011 |
| Body Image and Relationships Scale (BIRS) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Schmitz 2009 |
| Body image ‐ EORTC QLQ‐Breast‐Related 23 | Higher score indicates better status. |
Do 2015; Duijits 2012; Saarto 2012 |
| Physical Self‐Perception Profile | Higher score indicates better status. |
Daley 2007; Musanti 2012 |
| Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSE) | Higher score indicates better status. |
Cadmus 2009; Courneya 2003; Musanti 2012; Mustian 2004; Segar 1998 |
| Social Physique Anxiety Scale 7 (SPAS‐7) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Milne 2008 |
| Vitality/vigour | ||
| Vitality scale ‐ MOS SF‐36 | Higher score indicates better status. |
Baruth 2013; Basen‐Enquist 2006; Cadmus 2009; Cormie 2014; Duijits 2012; Kiecolt‐Glaser 2014; Mehnert 2011; Mustian 2004 |
| Vigour subscale ‐ POMS | Higher score indicates better status. |
Cantarero‐Villanueva 2013; Fillion 2008; Pinto 2003; Pinto 2005 |
| Other psychological measures | ||
| Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BNS) | Higher score indicates better status. |
Milne 2008 |
| Behavioral Regulation for Exercise Questionnaire 2 (BREQ‐2) | Higher score indicates higher status of each subscale. | Milne 2008 |
| Endocrine symptoms ‐ FACT‐Endocrine symptoms | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Duijits 2012; Rogers 2009 |
| Exercise role identity ‐ 9‐item, 5‐point Likert‐type instrument (Anderson and Cychosz) | Higher score indicates greater exercise role identity. |
Hatchett 2013 |
| Exercise self‐efficacy ‐ 14‐item Steinhardt and Dishman Questionnaire | Higher score indicates better status. |
Hatchett 2013 |
| Hot flashes and night sweats ‐ Hot Flush Rating Scale | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Duijits 2012; |
| Outcome expectancy value ‐ 19‐item Steinhardt and Dishman Self‐Report Questionnaire | Higher score indicates higher outcome expectancy. |
Hatchett 2013 |
| Menopausal symptoms 0 to 9 scale | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Carson 2009 |
| Menopausal symptoms ‐ Women’s Health Questionnaire (WHQ) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Saarto 2012 |
| Self‐regulation ‐ 20‐item, 5‐point Likert‐type instrument | Higher score indicates better status. |
Hatchett 2013 |
| Symptom Checklist‐90 Revised (SCL‐90R) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
DeNysschen 2011; Mehnert 2011 |
| Urinary symptoms ‐ Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire (BFLUTS) | Higher score indicates worse status. |
Duijits 2012 |