Comparison 5. Comparison: pain/disability, all physical activity vs control.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Overall pain/disability (follow‐up values)	9		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 End of intervention	9	535	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.08 [‐0.09, 0.25]
1.2 Follow‐up	1	162	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [‐0.12, 0.50]
2 Overall pain/disability (change values)	6		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 End of intervention	5	296	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.08 [‐0.33, 0.16]
2.2 Follow‐up	1	36	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.22 [‐0.43, 0.88]
3 Brief Pain Inventory severity score (change values)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 End of intervention	2	145	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.84 [‐1.92, 0.23]
3.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 Brief Pain Inventory interference score (change values)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 End of intervention	2	145	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.08 [‐1.91, ‐0.24]
4.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 DASH (follow‐up and change values)	3		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 End of intervention	3	179	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐4.00 [‐9.08, ‐2.91]
5.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6 EORTC QLQ‐C30 Pain scale (follow‐up and change values)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 End of intervention	2	119	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.04 [‐9.83, 7.75]
6.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7 MOS SF Pain (follow‐up values)	5		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 End of intervention	5	378	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.25 [‐1.40, 3.90]
7.2 Follow‐up	1	162	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.45 [‐2.80, 11.70]
8 MOS SF Pain (change values)	4		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 End of intervention	4	213	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.07 [‐1.04, 1.17]
8.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9 WOMAC joint pain (follow‐up and change values)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
9.1 End of intervention	2	121	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.36 [‐7.55, 2.82]
9.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 WOMAC physical dysfunction (follow‐up and change values)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1 End of intervention	2	121	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐6.15 [‐16.21, 3.92]
10.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 WOMAC total score (follow‐up and change values)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 End of intervention	2	121	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐6.49 [‐13.57, 0.58]
11.2 Follow‐up	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]