Table 1. The materials and their chemical compositions used in the study.
| All-ceramic system | Composition | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|
| IPS e.max CAD (EM) (Lithium disilicate) | 58 - 80% SiO2, 11 - 19% Li2O, 0 - 13% K2O, 0 - 8% ZrO2, 0 - 5% Al2O3 | IvoclarVivadent AG, Liechtenstein |
| Cerasmart (GC) (Resin matrix ceramic) | Resin matrix: Bis-MEPP, UDMA, dimethacrylate | GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan |
| Inorganic filler: silica, barium glass (71.0 wt%) | ||
| Suprinity (VS) (Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate) (ZLS) | SiO2 56 - 64%, Li2O 15 - 21%, K2O 1 - 4%, P2O5 3 - 8%, Al2O3 1 - 4%, ZrO2 8 - 12%, CeO2 0 - 4%, Pigments 0 - 6% | Vita-Zahnfabrik, |
| Bad Sackingen, Germany | ||
| Enamic (VE) (Resin matrix ceramic (polymerinfiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN)) | Resin matrix: UDMA, TEGDMA | Vita-Zahnfabrik, |
| Inorganic filler: feldspar ceramic enriched with aluminum oxide (86.0 wt%) | Bad Sackingen, Germany |
Bis-MEPP, 2,2-Bis(4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl)propane; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; UDMA urethane dimethacrylate)