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. 2019 Apr 30;9:6663. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43248-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PCN and LPS treatments lead to robust yet distinct transcriptomic changes. Heatmaps of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with (a) exclusive PCN treatment, (b) exclusive LPS treatment and (c) combined PCN/LPS treatment are shown. (d–e) The number of upregulated and downregulated DEGs by PCN treatment, LPS treatment and combined PCN/LPS treatment compared to those in the control are shown. The genes were considered to be differentially expressed with a p-value < 0.05 and a fold change greater than or equal to 1.25-fold or less than or equal to 0.8-fold. Heatmaps were generated using mean-centered normalized expression values (z-scores), employing the Euclidean distance metric, the average clustering method and R statistical software.