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. 2019 Apr 30;9:6677. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43060-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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RpoN* expression decreases motility and biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa CF patient isolates with empty vector (E.V., black bars), or with RpoN*-expression vector (gray bars). Media was supplemented with gentamicin (30 mg/L), and IPTG (1 mM) when applicable, and all assays were conducted at 37 °C for 24 h. (A) Colony diameter of swimming, or flagellar, motility assay conducted on soft (0.3%) agar. (B) Colony diameter of twitching, or pili, motility assay conducted on semi-hard (1.3%) agar. (C) Biofilm formation assay conducted in 96-well microtiter plates. Bars are the mean ± SD (Student’s t-test, ***p ≤ 0.0001; **p ≤ 0.01). n = 4 to 5 replicates in motility assays; n = 12 in biofilm assays.