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. 2019 Apr 30;9:6683. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43109-6

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of the study subjects.

Characteristic CHD/heterotaxy + CDa CHD/heterotaxy + no CDb CHD/heterotaxy (Total)
Patients (%) 29 (69.1%) 13 (30.9%) 42 (100%)
Age (mean ± SD) 5.4 ± 5.0 (years) 6 ± 4.4 (years) 5.6 ± 4.7 (years)
Male (%) 18 (42.9) 10 (23.8) 28 (66.7%)
Female (%) 11 (26.2) 3 (7.1) 14 (33.3%)

aCHD/heterotaxy + CD: congenital heart disease/heterotaxy with ciliary dysfunction.

bCHD/heterotaxy + CD: congenital heart disease/heterotaxy without ciliary dysfunction.