Table 4.
Baseline, adjusted mean change and between-group comparison for health-related quality of life
| Intervention (HIT; n = 18) | Control (CON; n = 18) | Group comparison (HIT–CON) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (mean ± SD) | Adjusted mean changea; 90% CI | Baseline (mean ± SD) | Adjusted mean changea; 90% CI | Between group difference; 90% CI | Qualitative inference | |
| Physical functioning | 53.2 ± 3.6 | 0.4; − 0.9 to 1.7 | 53.5 ± 4.0 | 0.6; − 0.5 to 1.7 | − 0.2; − 1.8 to 1.5 | Likely trivial |
| Role-physical | 50.0 ± 5.8 | 3.7; 1.4 to 6.1 | 51.2 ± 4.9 | 0.8; − 1.6 to 3.1 | 3.0; − 0.4 to 6.3 | Possibly small beneficial |
| Bodily pain | 52.9 ± 8.3 | 3.1; − 0.5 to 6.8 | 54.3 ± 5.9 | − 1.1; − 3.4 to 1.1 | 4.3; 0.0 to 8.5 | Likely small beneficial |
| General health | 53.0 ± 7.6 | 2.0; − 0.4 to 4.5 | 56.4 ± 6.6 | − 1.3; 1.0 to 2.3 | 3.3; 0.0 to 6.6 | Possibly small beneficial |
| Vitality | 55.1 ± 7.4 | 2.7; − 0.2 to 5.5 | 54.9 ± 4.9 | − 0.5; − 3.4 to 2.3 | 3.2; − 0.8 to 7.2 | Possibly small beneficial |
| Social functioning | 53.7 ± 6.6 | − 0.4; − 2.8 to 2.1 | 55.4 ± 5.2 | 0.3; − 1.9 to 2.5 | − 0.7; − 3.9 to 2.5 | Possibly trivial |
| Role-emotional | 55.8 ± 1.1 | 1.1; − 1.5 to 3.8 | 54.0 ± 3.6 | − 3.8; − 6.5 to 1.2 | 4.9; 1.1 to 8.8 | Possibly moderate beneficial |
| Mental health | 53.0 ± 6.2 | 2.9; 0.7 to 5.0 | 53.6 ± 7.1 | − 0.1; − 2.3 to 2.1 | 2.9; − 0.1 to 6.0 | Possibly small beneficial |
Data are presented as norm-based scores (NBS)
HIT high-intensity interval training, CON no-exercise control group, CI confidence interval
aAnalysis adjusted for age, sex and baseline value