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. 2019 Apr 24;10:886. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00886

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Copyright © 2019 Corvillo, Okrój, Nozal, Melgosa, Sánchez-Corral and López-Trascasa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanism of action of nephritic factors. (A) C3NeF binds to a neoepitope on the C3 convertase of the alternative pathway (C3bBb), preventing its spontaneous and FH-mediated decay, and increasing its half-life and C3 consumption. (B) C5NeF binds to a neoepitope on the C5 convertase of the alternative pathway in the presence of properdin (P) (C3bBbC3bP), preventing its spontaneous and regulator-mediated decay, and increasing its half-life and C5 consumption. (C) C4NeF binds to a neoepitope on the C3/C5 convertases of the classical/lectin pathway (C4b2a/C4b2aC3b), preventing its spontaneous and regulator-mediated decay, and increasing its half-life and C3 consumption. Soluble and membrane complement regulators are indicated within boxes.