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. 2019 Apr 30;9:6694. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43135-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of mitochondrial supplementation on litter size and the ovarian reserve. (a) Assessment of litter size (mean ± SEM) over three generations (1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd) of the offspring derived from founders generated through mitochondrial supplementation (Mito 1^st – n = 21 litters; Mito 2^nd – n = 19 litters; and Mito 3^rd – n = 8 litters). Litter sizes were compared to those from colony control mice (n = 93 litters). (b) Assessment of follicle number (mean ± SEM) from three generations of ten week old mice (Mito 1^st; Mito 2^nd; and Mito 3^rd) generated from founders derived through mitochondrial supplementation and compared to colony controls (control). Primordial, Primordial-Primary Transition, Primary, Primary–Secondary Transition, Secondary, Early Antral, and Antral stages were assessed. (c) Heat map of RNA-Seq profiles. Total identified differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05, absolute logFC ≥ 1) for third generation MITO supplemented (treatment; n = 4) and control mice (n = 4) were plotted based on the fold changes (log2) of read counts. ‘Expr lvl’ = expression levels. (d) PANTHER Gene Ontology Classification analysis for biological processes. (e) PANTHER Gene Ontology Classification analysis for molecular functions. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.