Figure 4.

Soluble mediator profile of macrophage, vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell co-cultures. EC/THP-1, SMC/THP-1, EC/SMC, and EC/SMC/THP-1 co-cultures were prepared. Twenty-four hours later co-culture supernatants were collected and analyzed for the presence of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, E-selectin, sICAM-1, and GM-CSF by Luminex. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001. n = 6 co-cultures. <LLQ, less than Lower Limit of Quantification.