Figure 4.

Myeloid cells in hepatic malignancy. Tumor associated macrophages promote cancer cell proliferation and neoangiogenesis, and act in concert with myeloid-derived suppressor cells to dampen T-cell immunosurveillance. Conversely recruitment of monocytes into the tumor microenvironment driven by CCL2 produced by hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, and interactions with tumor associated neutrophils promotes apoptosis and clearance of pre-cancerous hepatocytes to prevent HCC.