Table 1.

Quality of studies.

Source	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9
Atkins et al., 2015	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bloemraad and Terriquez, 2016	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bradshaw et al., 2009	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Cappella et al., 2012	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Connell and Dishion, 2008	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fazel, 2015	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Houlston et al., 2011	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Kia-Keating et al., 2017	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
McWhirter and McWhirter, 2010	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ohl et al., 2013	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Puffer et al., 2016	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

Q1. Is there congruity between the stated philosophical perspective and the research methodology?

Q2. Is there congruity between the research methodology and the research question or objectives?

Q3. Is there congruity between the research methodology and the methods used to collect data?

Q4. Is there congruity between the research methodology and the representation and analysis of data?

Q5. Is there congruity between the research methodology and the interpretation of results?

Q6. Is the influence of the researcher on their search, and vice-versa, addressed?

Q7. Are participant, and their voices, adequately represented?

Q8. Is the research ethical according to current criteria or, for recent studies, and is there evidence of ethical approval by an appropriate body?

Q9. Do the conclusions drawn in the research report flow from the analysis or interpretation, of the data?