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. 2019 Apr 24;10:879. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00879

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Copyright © 2019 Kweon, Phan, Chun, Yu, Kim, Kim, Lee, Ali, Lee, Kim, Doh and Cho.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characteristics of expanded NK cells in K562, K562-OX40L groups without IL-21 and various concentration of IL-21 (5.50 ng/ml) added K562-OX40L groups on day 21. Direct cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells toward K562 cells (A) and ADCC of rituximab-coated Raji cells (B) were measured at E:T ratio of 2:1, 1:1, 0.5:1 for 4 h using CFSE-based flow cytometry assay. The results presented are means ± SD samples from the four donors. Surface expression of CD107a (C) and intracellular expression of TNF-α (D) and IFN-γ (E) of expanded NK cells was measured by incubating expanded NK cells with K562 cells at an effector-to-target (E:T) ratio of 1:1 for 5 h and evaluated by means of flow cytometry. Bar graphs show the percentage of expanded NK cells for degranulation (CD107a) and production of TNF-α and IFN-γ for the four groups. (error bars, mean ± SD; ns, not significant).