. 2019 Apr 17;21(4):e13050. doi: 10.2196/13050

Table 2.

Technology ownership and usage characteristics by generation.

Ownership and usage characteristics			Millennial sample (n=111), n (%)	Generation Z sample (n=53), n (%)	Chi-square test
Ownership and usage characteristics			Millennial sample (n=111), n (%)	Generation Z sample (n=53), n (%)	X² (df)	P value
Mobile phone ownership					0.5 (1)	.47
	Yes		104 (93.7)	48 (90.6)
	No		7 (6.3)	5 (9.4)
Smartphone ownership					9.5 (1)	.002^a
	Yes		79 (71.2)	48 (90.6)
	No		32 (28.8)	5 (9.4)
Mobile phone regular use					0.4 (1)	.55
	Yes		107 (96.4)	52 (98.1)
	No		4 (3.6)	1 (1.9)
Mobile phone contract type					19.4 (2)	<.001^b
	Pay as you go		72 (64.9)	15 (28.3)
	Yearly contract		30 (27.0)	28 (52.8)
Changed phone number					2.1 (4)	.72
	Never		31 (27.9)	13 (24.5)
	One time		33 (27.9)	19 (35.8)
	Two times		16 (14.4)	8 (15.1)
	Three times		18 (16.2)	5 (9.4)
	Four or more times		13 (11.7)	8 (15.1)
Internet access					13.4 (3)	.01^a
	Via mobile phone		80 (72.1)	27 (50.9)
	Via computer at home		12 (10.8)	18 (34.0)
	Via other method		4 (3.6)	6 (11.3)
Internet regular use					3.7 (1)	.056
	Yes		96 (86.5)	51 (96.2)
	No		15 (13.5)	2 (3.8)
Computer regular use					0.1 (1)	.81
	Yes		63 (56.8)	29 (54.7)
	No		48 (43.2)	24 (45.3)
Email regular use					4.8 (1)	.03^a
	Yes		80 (72.1)	29 (54.7)
	No		31 (27.9)	24 (45.3)
Text message regular use					0.0 (1)	.87
	Yes		104 (93.7)	50 (94.3)
	No		7 (6.3)	3 (5.7)
Social media account ownership					4.5 (1)	.03^a
	Yes		91 (82.0)	50 (94.3)
	No		20 (18.0)	3 (5.7)
Social media use frequency					4.3 (3)	.23
	Daily		75 (67.6)	42 (79.2)
	Weekly		17 (15.3)	8 (15.1)
	Monthly		1 (0.9)	0 (0.0)
	Do not use regularly		18 (16.2)	3 (5.7)
Social media used for…
	Share photos or videos				0.0 (1)	.95
		Yes	77 (69.4)	37 (69.8)
		No	34 (30.6)	16 (30.2)
	Instant message				9.1 (1)	.003^a
		Yes	61 (55.0)	42 (79.2)
		No	50 (45.0)	11 (20.8)
	Share updates about self				2.3 (1)	.13
		Yes	56 (50.5)	20 (37.7)
		No	55 (49.5)	33 (62.3)
	Meet new people				2.1 (1)	.15
		Yes	51 (45.9)	18 (34.0)
		No	60 (54.1)	35 (66.0)
	See updates about others				4.1 (1)	.04^a
		Yes	59 (53.2)	37 (69.8)
		No	52 (46.8)	16 (30.2)
	Watch videos others post				9.3 (1)	.002^a
		Yes	63 (56.8)	43 (81.1)
		No	48 (43.2)	10 (18.9)
	News and information				4.3 (1)	.04^a
		Yes	50 (45.0)	33 (62.3)
		No	61 (55.0)	20 (37.7)
	Stay in touch with friends and family				9.1 (1)	.002^a
		Yes	71 (64.0)	46 (86.8)
		No	40 (36.0)	7 (13.2)
	Find funny or entertaining content				35.2 (1)	<.001^b
		Yes	57 (51.4)	52 (98.1)
		No	54 (48.6)	1 (1.9)
Social media platforms used
	Facebook				3.9 (1)	.049^a
		Yes	89 (80.2)	35 (66.0)
		No	22 (19.8)	18 (34.0)
	Twitter				0.0 (1)	.93
		Yes	30 (27.0)	14 (26.4)
		No	81 (73.0)	39 (73.6)
	Google+				0.9 (1)	.34
		Yes	33 (29.7)	12 (22.6)
		No	78 (70.3)	41 (77.4)
	Instagram				7.5 (1)	.005^a
		Yes	68 (61.3)	44 (83.0)
		No	43 (38.7)	9 (17.0)
	Tumblr				0.4 (1)	.51
		Yes	7 (6.3)	2 (3.8)
		No	104 (93.7)	51 (96.2)
	Pinterest				0.1 (1)	.71
		Yes	8 (7.2)	3 (5.7)
		No	103 (92.8)	50 (94.3)
	Snapchat				39.7 (1)	<.001^b
		Yes	30 (27.0)	42 (79.2)
		No	81 (73.0)	11 (20.8)
	LinkedIn				3.0 (1)	.09
		Yes	6 (5.4)	0 (0.0)
		No	105 (94.6)	53 (100.0)
	Myspace				4.0 (1)	.045
		Yes	8 (7.2)	0 (0.0)
		No	103 (92.8)	53 (100.0)
Seen drug cues on social media					4.5 (2)	.49
	Always/very often		25 (22.5)	18 (34.0)
	Sometimes/rarely		50 (45.0)	20 (37.7)
	Never		26 (23.4)	11 (20.8)
Seen recovery information on social media					18.5 (2)	.002^a
	Always/very often		18 (16.2)	14 (26.4)
	Sometimes/rarely		49 (44.1)	13 (24.5)
	Never		34 (30.6)	18 (34.0)
Post recovery information					0.0 (1)	.97
	Yes		29 (26.1)	14 (26.4)
	No		82 (73.9)	39 (73.6)
Social media should be used to prevent relapse					2.3 (1)	.13
	Yes		56 (50.5)	20 (37.7)
	No		55 (49.5)	33 (62.3)
Type of platform to deliver relapse-prevention support
	Website				0.9 (1)	.35
		Yes	44 (39.6)	17 (32.1)
		No	67 (60.4)	36 (67.9)
	Social media				0.5 (1)	.48
		Yes	61 (55.0)	26 (49.1)
		No	50 (45.0)	27 (50.9)
	Texting				4.3 (1)	.04^a
		Yes	32 (28.8)	24 (45.3)
		No	79 (71.2)	29 (54.7)
	Mobile phone app				1.04 (1)	.31
		Yes	41 (36.9)	24 (45.3)
		No	70 (63.1)	29 (54.7)
Consent to social media monitoring to support recovery					2.5 (1)	.11
	Yes		41 (36.9)	13 (24.5)
	No		70 (63.1)	40 (75.5)

^aSignificant at P=.05.

^bSignificant at P<.001.