Table 2.
Associations between sample characteristics and smoking cessation outcomes at 4‐week and 12‐month follow‐up.
| Verified continuous abstinence (n = 1556) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4‐week follow‐up | 12‐month follow‐up | |||||||
| Adj. RR (95% CI) | P | Adj. RR (95% CI) | P | Adj. RR (95% CI) | P | Adj. RR (95% CI) | P | |
| NMR × pharmacotherapy (indicator: slow NMR and NRT) | 0.88 (0.55–1.40) | 0.586 | – | – | 1.15 (0.51–2.58) | 0.741 | – | – |
| Normal NMR (ref. slow NMR) | 1.08 (0.78–1.49) | 0.664 | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 0.940 | 0.85 (0.46–1.56) | 0.591 | 0.91 (0.61–1.37) | 0.657 |
| Varenicline (ref. NRT) | 1.69 (1.14–2.51) | 0.009 | 1.54 (1.24–1.91) | < 0.001 | 1.32 (0.67–2.58) | 0.420 | 1.45 (0.99–2.12) | 0.056 |
| Group support (ref. individual support) | 1.54 (1.17–2.02) | 0.002 | 1.54 (1.17–2.03) | 0.002 | 1.29 (0.82–2.04) | 0.270 | 1.29 (0.81–2.04) | 0.281 |
| Age | 1.50 (1.33–1.70) | < 0.001 | 1.50 (1.33–1.70) | < 0.001 | 1.15 (0.95–1.40) | 0.143 | 1.16 (0.95–1.40) | 0.144 |
| Female (ref. male) | 1.16 (0.93–1.43) | 0.188 | 1.16 (0.93–1.43) | 0.188 | 0.82 (0.56–1.20) | 0.297 | 0.82 (0.56–1.20) | 0.298 |
| Higher SES/ABC1 (ref. C2DE) | 1.43 (1.11–1.83) | 0.005 | 1.43 (1.11–1.83) | 0.005 | 1.43 (0.96–2.14) | 0.081 | 1.43 (0.95–2.14) | 0.083 |
| White ethnicity (ref. other ethnicity) | 0.98 (0.60–1.61) | 0.938 | 0.99 (0.60–1.62) | 0.963 | 1.19 (0.44–3.21) | 0.737 | 1.18 (0.44–3.16) | 0.746 |
| Married/cohabiting (ref. single) | 1.35 (1.09–1.67) | 0.006 | 1.35 (1.09–1.67) | 0.006 | 1.64 (1.11–2.41) | 0.012 | 1.64 (1.11–2.41) | 0.012 |
| Poor physical health (ref. good physical health) | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) | 0.352 | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) | 0.358 | 1.03 (0.68–1.56) | 0.880 | 1.03 (0.68–1.56) | 0.884 |
| Poor wellbeing/WHO score ≤ 50% (ref. WHO score > 50%) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 0.470 | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 0.479 | 1.29 (0.88–1.89) | 0.196 | 1.29 (0.88–1.90) | 0.191 |
| Higher dependence/HSI ≥ 4 (ref. HSI <4) | 0.75 (0.60–0.93) | 0.008 | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) | 0.007 | 0.55 (0.38–0.81) | 0.002 | 0.56 (0.38–0.81) | 0.002 |
| Determination to quit | ||||||||
| Very (ref. not determined) | 1.73 (1.16–2.60) | 0.008 | 1.73 (1.16–2.59) | 0.008 | 0.80 (0.42–1.54) | 0.512 | 0.81 (0.42–1.54) | 0.514 |
| Extremely (ref. not determined) | 2.19 (1.47–3.28) | < 0.001 | 2.19 (1.47–3.27) | < 0.001 | 0.86 (0.45–1.64) | 0.641 | 0.86 (0.45–1.64) | 0.646 |
| Past year quit attempt (ref. no attempt) | 0.90 (0.73–1.12) | 0.345 | 0.90 (0.73–1.12) | 0.354 | 0.75 (0.51–1.12) | 0.156 | 0.75 (0.51–1.11) | 0.153 |
| SSS region | ||||||||
| North (ref. South) | 1.50 (1.06–2.11) | 0.021 | 1.51 (1.07–2.13) | 0.019 | 1.60 (0.82–3.14) | 0.172 | 1.59 (0.81–3.13) | 0.179 |
| Midlands (ref. South) | 1.65 (1.17–2.33) | 0.005 | 1.66 (1.17–2.34) | 0.004 | 1.85 (0.94–3.64) | 0.077 | 1.84 (0.93–3.63) | 0.079 |
Adj. RR = adjusted risk ratio (adjusted for all variables shown); CI = confidence interval; NMR = nicotine metabolite ratio; HSI = Heaviness of Smoking Index; SES = socio‐economic status; NRT = nicotine replacement therapy; SSS = Stop Smoking Services; WHO – World Health Organization; ref. = reference category.