Table 4.

Performance measures evaluated in review of Volume 34 (frequency (and %))

	Overall	By Primary Target
			Null Hyp‐	Selected	Predictive
Performance		Estimand	othesis	Model	Performance	Other
Measure		(n = 64)	(n = 21)	(n = 8)	(n = 3)	(n = 4)
Convergence	12/85 (14%)	10/61 (16%)	1/15 (7%)	1/6 (17%)	0/2	0/1
Bias	63/80 (79%)	59/64 (92%)	1/9 (11%)	0/2	2/3	1/2
Empirical SE	31/78 (40%)	31/62 (50%)	0/9	0/2	0/3	0/2
Mean squared error	26/78 (33%)	22/62 (35%)	2/9 (22%)	0/2	1/3	1/2
Model SE	22/77 (29%)	21/62 (34%)	1/9 (11%)	0/2	0/3	0/1
Type I error	31/95 (33%)	8/62 (13%)	18/21 (86%)	4/6	0/3	1/3
Power	28/95 (29%)	8/63 (13%)	14/20 (17%)	4/6	0/3	2/3
Coverage	42/79 (53%)	39/63 (62%)	1/9 (11%)	0/2	1/3	1/2
Conf. int. length	11/80 (14%)	9/63 (14%)	0/10	0/2	1/3	1/2

Note: Denominator changes across performance measures because not all are applicable in all simulation studies.