Table 1.

Notation

		Biomarker (BM)‐led Group
		Positive BM status	Negative BM status	Randomised group
Treatment	Index	T ⊕		T
	True mean	${\theta }_{T_{\oplus }}=pt{\mu }_{T_{+}}+(1-p)(1-s){\mu }_{T_{-}}$	…	${\mu }_T=p{\mu }_{T_{+}}+(1-p){\mu }_{T_{-}}$
	Sample size	$n_{T_{\oplus }}$	…	n T
	Data	${\sum }_{T_{\oplus }}y={\sum }_{i=1}^{n_{T_{\oplus }}}{y}_{T_{\oplus },i}$	…	${\sum }_{T}y={\sum }_{i=1}^{n_T}{y}_{T,i}$
Control	Index	…	C ⊖	C
	True mean	…	${\theta }_{C_{\ominus }}=p(1-t){\mu }_{C_{+}}+(1-p)s{\mu }_{C_{-}}$	${\mu }_C=p{\mu }_{C_{+}}+(1-p){\mu }_{C_{-}}$
	Sample size	…	$n_{C_{\ominus }}$	n C
	Data	…	${\sum }_{T_{\ominus }}y={\sum }_{i=1}^{n_{C_{\ominus }}}{y}_{C_{\ominus },i}$	${\sum }_{C}y={\sum }_{i=1}^{n_C}{y}_{C,i}$