Table 3.
Comparison of rates of protein evolution
| Rate (Amino acid substitutions per site per Ga) | References | |
|---|---|---|
| D0 (ν max) | 5.03 | This worka |
| Group 4 D1 and D2 (ν min) | 0.12 | This worka |
| K | 6.11 | This worka |
| L and M | 0.61 | This worka |
| PsaA, Photosystem I core subunit (Cyanobacteria) | 0.09 | Sanchez‐Baracaldo (2015) |
| AtpA, ATP Synthase CF1 Alpha Chain (Cyanobacteria) | 0.08 | Sanchez‐Baracaldo (2015) |
| PetB, Cytochrome b6 (Cyanobacteria) | 0.05 | Sanchez‐Baracaldo (2015) |
| RpsM, S13 Ribosomal Protein Translation (Cyanobacteria) | 0.13 | Sanchez‐Baracaldo (2015) |
| L1 Ribosomal Protein (Cyanobacteria) | 0.11 | Sanchez‐Baracaldo (2015) |
| ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (plants) | 1.2 | Georgelis, Braun, and Hannah (2008) |
| PRTB Proteinb (humans) | 0.13 | Matsunami, Yoshioka, Minoura, Okano, and Muto (2011) |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase (ascidians) | 0.27 | Canestro et al. (2002) |
| Protein‐L‐isoaspartyl (D‐aspartyl) O‐methyltransferase (bacteria to humansc) | 0.39 | Kagan, McFadden, McFadden, O'Connor, and Clarke (1997) |
| Peptide neurotoxins (gastropods) | 17 | Duda and Palumbi (1999) |
| Hepatitis C Virus | 3,700 | Bukh et al. (2002) |
| Influenza virus type A (H1) | 5,800 | Carrat and Flahault (2007) |
a
Estimated using a root prior of 3.5 Ga under a autocorrelated log‐normal molecular clock as described in the text and Materials and Methods.
b
Proline‐rich transcript overexpressed in the brain (PRTB). The human protein shares 99% sequence identity compared to that in mice. Rodents are estimated to have diverged about 74 Ma ago (Kay & Hoekstra, 2008).
c
The authors pointed out that the rate of evolution of this methyltransferase has remained unchanged from bacteria to humans.