Table 1.
Demographic data and clinical characteristics of the study population
| Group | AMI−AKI− (n = 30) |
AMI+AKI− (n = 26) |
AMI+AKI+ (n = 23) |
AMI−AKI+ (n = 29) |
P-value (four groups) |
P-value (AMI+AKI− vs AMI+AKI+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61 ± 3 | 59 ± 2 | 73 ± 2 | 71 ± 2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male (%) | 19 (63.3) | 22 (84.6) | 19 (82.6) | 19 (65.5) | 0.165 | 0.576 |
| Body weight (kg) | 64.5 ± 1.9 | 68.9 ± 2.6 | 65.3 ± 2.3 | 64.9 ± 2.6 | 0.563 | 0.321 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (26.9) | 12 (52.2) | 16 (55.2) | 0.023 | 0.064 |
| Hypertension (%) | 14 (46.7) | 14 (53.8) | 20 (87.0) | 23 (79.3) | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 8 (26.7) | 26 (100.0) | 23 (100.0) | 8 (27.6) | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Heart failure (%) | 13 (43.3) | 2 (7.7) | 15 (65.2) | 22 (75.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 15 ± 1 | 14 ± 1 | 40 ± 6 | 53 ± 6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Serum NGAL (ng/mL) | 72.0 ± 9.0 | 64.3 ± 7.5 | 140.1 ± 24.4 | 264.8 ± 56.1 | < 0.001 | 0.007 |
| WBC (103/μL) | 8.2 ± 0.4 | 10.4 ± 0.6 | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 11.7 ± 2.0 | 0.071 | 0.096 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.0 ± 0.4 | 14.8 ± 0.2 | 12.2 ± 0.5 | 11.0 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Sugar (mg/dL) | 122 ± 9 | 171 ± 18 | 183 ± 20 | 175 ± 15 | 0.033 | 0.671 |
| ALT (U/L) | 33 ± 6 | 31 ± 5 | 47 ± 11 | 88 ± 54 | 0.565 | 0.222 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL) | 2.30 ± 1.13 | 3.43 ± 1.47 | 15.98 ± 5.62 | 0.83 ± 0.27 | 0.005 | 0.041 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 386 ± 112 | 243 ± 132 | 1098 ± 303 | 1460 ± 288 | 0.001 | 0.038 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 87 ± 3 | 89 ± 3 | 90 ± 3 | 86 ± 4 | 0.759 | 0.804 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55 ± 3 | 58 ± 3 | 48 ± 4 | 50 ± 4 | 0.226 | 0.050 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (13.0) | 4 (13.8) | 0.021 | 0.096 |
| In-hospital mortality | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (13.0) | 2 (6.9) | 0.237 | 0.096 |
Values are mean ± standard error
AMI acute myocardial infarction, AKI acute kidney injury, ALT alanine aminotransferase, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, BUN blood urea nitrogen, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, RRT renal replacement therapy, WBC white blood cell