Table 1.
SmartAge study outcome assessment
| Time point | Measurement | Mode | V0 | V1 | V2 | V3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enrollment | ||||||
| Eligibility screening | Telephone | x | ||||
| Screening assessment | MMSE [85] | On-site paper | x | x | x | |
| Logical Memory [53] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| TMT A [54] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| GDS [56, 86] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| IADL [55] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Signed informed consent | On-site | x | ||||
| Allocation/randomization | x | |||||
| Intervention |
|
|||||
| Assessments | ||||||
| Baseline variables | ||||||
| Demographic information | Age, civil status, education | On-site paper | x | |||
| Family history | Dementia, Parkinson disease, and stroke | On-site paper | x | |||
| Subjective cognitive function | ECog-39 [87] | On-site paper | x | |||
| Lifestyle (lifelong) | LEQ [88] | At-home paper | x | |||
| CAI [89] | On-site interview | x | ||||
| Personality | BFI-10 [90] | On-site paper | x | |||
| SVF-78 [91] | On-site paper | x | ||||
| Hand preference | Oldfield Hand Preference [92] | On-site paper | x | |||
| Premorbid IQ | MWT [93] | On-site paper | x | |||
| Genetic markers | APOE ε4 status | On-site | x | |||
| Cerebral PET (optional consent) | Aβ status | On-site | x | |||
| Primary outcome | ||||||
| Memory | MST [38] | On-site Computer | x | x | x | |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||
| Memory | VLMT [94] | On-site paper | x | x | x | |
| Doors and People [95] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Executive function | Digit Symbol [96] | On-site paper | x | x | x | |
| TMT B [54] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Block Tapping [97] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Stroop [98] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Attention | Digit Span [96] | On-site paper | x | x | x | |
| TAP [99] subtests: alertness and divided attention | On-site Computer | x | x | |||
| Language | Semantic/Phonemic Fluency [100] | On-site | x | x | x | |
| Boston Naming Test [100] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Lifestyle (current) | ||||||
| Physical activity | FKA [101] | At-home paper | x | x | x | |
| Cognitive activity | CAI Present [89] | On-site interview | x | x | x | |
| Sleep quality | PSQI [102] | At-home paper | x | x | x | |
| Diet | FFQ [33, 63] | At-home paper | x | x | x | |
| MEDAS [103, 104] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| FFL [19, 62] | At-home paper | x | x | x | ||
| Psycho-affective/worry | PSWQ [105, 106] | At-home paper | x | x | x | |
| RSQ-D [107] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| STAI-G [108] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Quality of life | SF-12 [109] | On-site paper | x | x | x | |
| WHOQOL-BREF [110] | At-home paper | x | x | x | ||
| Autophagy markers from muscle biopsy (optional consent) | LC3 I/II, p62 [72], EP300 [111], proteomics, metabolomics [73] | On-site | x | x | ||
| Blood-based markers | Polyamine levels [33], metabolomics, proinflammatory biomarkers, and neurotrophin levels | On-site | x | x | ||
| Cerebral neuroimaging markers | Brain structure, perfusion, function | On-site | x | x | ||
| Exploratory outcomes | ||||||
| Subjective cognitive function | ECog-39, adapted [87] | On-site paper | x | x | x | |
| MMQ, adapted [112] | On-site paper | x | x | x | ||
| Cardiovascular risk factors | Blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose metabolism | On-site | x | x | x | |
| Muscle function/strength* | SPPB [113] | On-site | x | x | x | |
| Handgrip strength | On-site | x | x | x | ||
*Only for participants, who consented to muscle biopsy
Abbreviations: Aβ β-amyloid, APOE apolipoprotein E, BFI-10 Big Five Inventory-10, CAI Cognitive Activity Interview, ECog Everyday Cognition Scales, FKA Freiburger Fragebogen zur körperlichen Aktivität, FFL food frequency list, FFQ Food Frequency Questionnaire, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, LEQ Lifetime Experience Questionnaire, MEDAS Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, MMQ Meta Memory Questionnaire, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MST Mnemonic Similarity Task, MWT Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatztest, PET positron emission tomography, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSWQ Penn State Worry Questionnaire, RSQ-D Response Styles Questionnaire—Deutsche Version, SF-12 Short Form Health Survey, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, STAI-G State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, SVF-78 Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen, TAP Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung, TMT Trail Making Test, VLMT Verbaler Lern-und Merkfähigkeitstest, WHOQOL-BREF World Health Organization Quality of Life