Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and health care utilization characteristics of patients with alcohol use disorder in a large urban academic medical center (n = 21,159)
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 21,159) | No primary carec (n = 12,086;57.1%) | Limited primary cared (n = 3583; 16.9%) | Engaged with primary caree (n = 5490; 26.0%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| 18–29 | 3242 (15.3) | 2203 (18.2) | 540 (15.1) | 499 (9.1) | |
| 30–44 | 4962 (23.5) | 3179 (26.3) | 825 (23.0) | 958 (17.5) | |
| 45–64 | 9614 (45.4) | 5063 (41.9) | 1661 (46.4) | 2890 (52.6) | |
| 65 + | 3341 (15.8) | 1641 (13.6) | 557 (15.6) | 1143 (20.8) | |
| Female sex, n (%) | 6104 (28.9) | 3027 (25.1) | 1083 (30.2) | 1994 (36.3) | < 0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Hispanic | 2028 (9.6) | 647 (5.4) | 444 (12.4) | 937 (17.1) | |
| Non-hispanic white | 3402 (16.1) | 2235 (18.5) | 504 (14.1) | 663 (12.1) | |
| Non-hispanic black | 7554 (35.7) | 4060 (33.6) | 1329 (37.1) | 2165 (39.4) | |
| Any othera or undetermined | 8175 (38.6) | 5144 (42.6) | 1306 (36.5) | 1725 (31.4) | |
| Insurance status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Public | 13,130 (62.1) | 7598 (62.9) | 2293 (64.0) | 3239 (59.0) | |
| Private | 7452 (35.2) | 4017 (33.2) | 1248 (34.8) | 2187 (39.8) | |
| Self-pay or undetermined | 577 (2.7) | 471 (3.9) | 42 (1.2) | 64 (1.2) | |
| Charlson score, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 11,353 (53.7) | 7340 (60.7) | 1837 (51.3) | 2176 (39.6) | |
| 1–2 | 5800 (27.4) | 2976 (24.6) | 960 (26.8) | 1864 (34.0) | |
| 3+ | 4006 (18.9) | 1770 (14.7) | 786 (21.9) | 1450 (26.4) | |
| Year of cohort entry, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| 2010 | 5148 (24.3) | 2898 (24.0) | 832 (23.2) | 1418 (25.8) | |
| 2011 | 3942 (18.6) | 2379 (19.7) | 632 (17.6) | 931 (17.0) | |
| 2012 | 3821 (18.1) | 2183 (18.1) | 636 (17.8) | 1002 (18.3) | |
| 2013 | 4106 (19.4) | 2297 (19.0) | 684 (19.1) | 1125 (20.5) | |
| 2014 | 4142 (19.6) | 2329 (19.3) | 799 (22.3) | 1014 (18.5) | |
| Psychiatric comorbidityb, n (%) | 5860 (27.7) | 3209 (26.6) | 987 (27.6) | 1664 (30.3) | < 0.001 |
| Emergency visits, median (IQR) | 1 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 4) | 1 (0, 4) | < 0.001 |
| Inpatient admissions, median (IQR) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 1) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | < 0.001 |
| Outpatient psychiatry visits, median (IQR) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | < 0.001 |
| Outpatient substance use treatment visits, median (IQR) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | < 0.713 |
aIncludes Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American/Alaskan Native, and more than one race or missing race
bIncludes depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia within 1 year prior to cohort entry
cNo primary care visits within 2 years of cohort entry
dAny number of primary care visits within 2 years of cohort entry that did not meet criteria for engaged with primary care
eAt least two primary care facility visits, the first within 1 year of cohort entry and the second between 90 and 365 days after