Table 5.
Associations between the use of concurrent medications and incidence of mood disorders
| Types of concurrent medicationsa | Depression | Anxiety | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustedb HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| ACO | 1.10(1.03–1.18) | 0.0039 | 1.06(1.01–1.12) | 0.0272 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 1.30(1.15–1.48) | < 0.0001 | 1.14(1.02–1.27) | 0.018 |
| Corticosteroids | 1.20(1.12–1.28) | < 0.0001 | 1.19(1.13–1.26) | < 0.0001 |
| Digitalis | 1.02(0.85–1.23) | 0.8139 | 0.88(0.75–1.02) | 0.098 |
| Benzodiazepines | 2.92(2.73–3.13) | < 0.0001 | 2.54(2.41–2.68) | < 0.0001 |
Bold results represent statistically significant
ACO asthma-COPD overlap, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR hazard ratio
aMedications were considered as concurrent if they were prescribed within 6 months before the date of depression or anxiety
bAdjusted for medications - including calcium antagonists (diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil), corticosteroids, digitalis, and benzodiazepines - prescribed within 6 months before the date of outcome