Figure 11.

Schematic circuits of the caudal basal ganglia. “Striatum tail” (CDt and cvPut) receives inputs from visual cortex including the inferior temporal cortex. Neurons in the striatum tail project to cdlSNr and cvGPe in the direct and indirect pathways, respectively. Small but significant number of neurons in the striatum tail innervate both cdlSNr and cvGPe. These neurons may be direct or indirect pathway neurons with axon collaterals to cvGPe or cdlSNr, respectively. cvGPe projects to cdlSNr in two ways: directly or indirectly through cvSTN. cvSTN possibly receives inputs from pre‐SMA. Amygdala areas and hypothalamus (VMH) may also be involved in these direct and indirect pathways. cdlSNr receives inputs through these direct and indirect pathways and send the information to SC for controlling saccadic eye movements.