Cassar 2010.

Methods	Randomised cross‐over study (7 days between conditions)
Participants	N = 8 male cyclists, aged 22 to 35
Interventions	CWI (n = 8): Immersion to waist in water at 8 to 12°C for 14 minutes Contrast (n = 8): Immersion to waist in water at 8°C for 1 minute followed by immersion at 40 to 45°C for 1 minute; x 7 sets Passive (n = 8): Rest
Outcomes	Subjective recovery Rating of fatigue, visual analogue scale (0 to 10 cm) Pain Rating of soreness, visual analogue scale (0 to 10 cm) Functional assessment Time to fatigue during an exercise test (time maintaining 80 revolutions per minute, cycle ergometer, seconds) Biomarkers Muscle damage [CK (U/L), LDH (U/L), Myoglobin (mg/L) Inflammation [CRP (mg/L)] [Follow‐up for all outcomes: immediate]
Exercise type / intensity	30 minutes cycling (70% VO2 max)
Time between completing exercise and initiating intervention	Immediate
Participants' fitness level	Trained cyclists
Notes	All data provided after personal correspondence
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomly assigned (abstract) Random numbers table (personal correspondence)
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomisation order was single blind (personal correspondence)
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Participants	High risk	No blinding. Personal correspondence
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Personnel	High risk	No blinding. Personal correspondence
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Outcome assessors	High risk	Personal correspondence
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	2 participants dropped out of the study (personal correspondence)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Published as an abstract only
Other bias	Low risk	Exercise protocol clearly described No co‐interventions (personal correspondence)