Ingram 2009.

Methods	Randomised cross‐over (14 days between interventions)
Participants	N = 11 male athletes, mean age 27.5 (SD 6)
Interventions	CWI (n = 11): Seated immersion to umbilicus in water at 10°C for 5 minutes x 2 (2.5 minutes standing in room temperature between immersions) Contrast (n = 11): Seated immersion to umbilicus in water at 10°C for 2 minutes, followed by seated immersion to umbilicus in water at 40°C for 2 minutes, x 3 sets (30 second transfer time) Passive (n = 11): Seated rest
Outcomes	Pain Muscle soreness (10 point Likert scale) (Follow‐up: immediately, 24 and 48 hours post exercise) Strength Isometric strength at quads, hamstring, hips (cable tensiometer, kgf) (Follow‐up: 48 hours post exercise) Functional assessment Time to complete exercise (10 x 20 m sprints, seconds) (Follow‐up: 48 hours post exercise) Biomarker Muscle damage (CK, U/L) Inflammation (CRP, mg/L) [Follow‐up: 24 and 48 hours post exercise]
Exercise type / intensity	80 minutes of simulated team sports exercise, followed by a 20 m shuttle run test to exhaustion
Time between completing exercise and initiating intervention	Immediately (?) and after 24 hours
Participants' fitness level	Athletes with team games experience
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	'randomly assigned, counterbalanced design' pg. 418) computer generated program (personal correspondence)
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details in manuscript Likely with computer generated program Not confirmed after personal correspondence
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Participants	High risk	No blinding.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Personnel	High risk	No blinding.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Outcome assessors	High risk	No details in manuscript "No" (personal correspondence)
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Manuscript shows n=11 in results (Tables 1 and 2) All participants completed each intervention arm and that there were no missing data (personal correspondence)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No published protocol available Outcomes and follow‐ups stated in methods Means and SD/SE presented by intervention group for all outcomes, at all follow‐ups
Other bias	Low risk	Exercise protocol well described Manuscript states "no additional exercise or recovery procedures undertaken within 48 hours post exercise" (pg. 418)