Table 4.
Factors associated with sedation-related complications.
| Univariable analysis | P-value | Multivariable analysis | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 1.000 (0.97–1.03) | 0.852 | ||
| Sex, male | 1.25 (0.49–3.18) | 0.635 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.783 | ||
| Comorbidities and risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 0.93 (0.37–2.36) | 0.874 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.62 (0.22–1.74) | 0.360 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 2.08 (0.53–8.11) | 0.293 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.52 (0.18–1.50) | 0.227 | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 0.72 (0.16–3.30) | 0.676 | ||
| Previous stroke | 0.41 (0.10–1.71) | 0.223 | ||
| Cancer | 2.71 (0.46–15.87) | 0.268 | ||
| Smoking | 0.28 (0.10–0.83) | 0.022 | 0.34 (0.09–1.25) | 0.105 |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.56 (0.20–1.55) | 0.261 | ||
| Diagnosis on admission | ||||
| Stroke | 0.23 (0.07–0.69) | 0.009 | ||
| CNS infection | 4.11 (0.99–17.06) | 0.051 | 4.54 (0.83–24.83) | 0.081 |
| Seizure or status epilepticus | 1.90 (0.39–9.20) | 0.481 | ||
| Demyelinating disease | ||||
| Clinical status on admission | ||||
| Glasgow Coma Scale | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.061 | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 0.960 |
| APACHE-II score | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.400 | ||
| MRI sedation, DEX–KET | 0.14 (0.05–0.41) | <0.001 | 0.13 (0.04–0.41) | 0.001 |
DEX–KET, combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine; CNS, central nervous system; APACHE-II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Enquiry II; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.