Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included for quality assessment
| Study Country | Study design | Sample size total, n | Sample size eligible, n | Recurrences, n (%) |
Follow-up duration | Determinants | Estimate | Quality, score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alteret al.[21], 1997 †, USA | Prospective | 621 | 621 | 77 (12) | 24 months | DM | uv RR ‡ | 12 |
| Ayet al.[23], 2010,USA | Retrospective* | 1,458 | 1,458 | 60 (4) | 90 days | Demographics, CVRF, stroke subtype, medication, imaging | uv RR ‡; uv HR; mvβ-coefficient | 11 |
| Bergströmet al. [4], 2017,Sweden | Retrospective* | 196,765 | 196,765 | 22,198 (13) § | 1 year | Demographics, CVRF, medication | mv HR | 11 |
| Buenaflor et al. [3], 2017, Philippines | Retrospective | 1,155 | 1,155 | 280 (24) | 3 years | Demographics, CVRF | uv OR; uv RR ‡ | 10 |
| Grau et al. [15], 2001,Germany | Prospective | 5,017 | 5,017 | 216 (4) | 7 days | Stroke subtype | uv RR ‡ | 9 |
| Hankey et al. [16], 1998,Australia | Prospective | 343 | 250 | 33 (13) | 5 years | Stroke subtype | uv RR ‡ | 9 |
| Hillenet al. [17], 2003, UK | Prospective | 1,626 | 1,166 | 80 (7) | 5 years | LACI vs. non-LACI | uv RR ‡ | 9 |
| Hirayama et al. [18], 2010,Japan | Case control | 374 | 374 | 72 (19) | 3.1 years | Demographics, CVRF | uv RR ‡ | 8 |
| Kim et al. [24], 2014, USA | Retrospective | 2,378 | 2,378 | 106 (4) | 90 days | Demographics, CVRF, stroke subtype, medication, imaging | uv RR ‡; uv and mv HR | 11 |
| Kuwashiro et al. [25], 2012, Japan | Prospective | 260 | 260 | 25 (10) | 12 months | Demographics, CVRF, biometry, laboratory, stroke subtype, medication | uv RR ‡; mv OR | 11 |
| Lai et al. [22], 1994 †, USA | Prospective | 621 | 621 | 77 (12) | 24 months | Hypertension, atrial fibrillation | mv HR | 10 |
| Lee et al. [26], 2004,Australia | Retrospective | 7,816 | 7,816 | 743 (10) | 4 years | Demographics, CVRF, carotid endarterectomy | mv HR | 11 |
| Nam et al. [27], 2017, SouthKorea | Retrospective | 959 | 959 | 63 (7) | 31 months | Demographics, CVRF, stroke subtype, medication, imaging | uv RR ‡; uv and mv HR | 11 |
| Omori et al. [19], 2015,Japan | Retrospective* | 1,087 | 991 | 232 (21) | 704 days | Demographics, family history, stroke subtype, mRS at discharge | uv RR ‡; mv OR | 8 |
| Soda et al. [28], 2004, Japan | Prospective | 831 | 831 | 65 (8) | 12 months | Demographics, CVRF, medication | uv RR ‡, adjusted RR | 12 |
| Suanprasert et al. [20], 2011,Thailand | Case control | 234 | 234 | 67 (29) | 13 months | Demographics, CVRF, stroke subtype, medication | uv RR ‡; mv OR | 7 |
*
From prospective database.
†
Identical study populations, but both studies assess different predictors.
‡
Calculated by using crude data.
§
Cumulative 1-year incidence.
USA, United States of America; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVRF, cardiovascular risk factors; uv, univariable; RR, risk ratio; HR, hazard ratio; mv, multivariable; UK, United Kingdom; LACI, lacunar infarcts; RR, relative risk.