Figure 1.

Ciproxifan ameliorates object recognition memory deficits after isoflurane. Animals were exposed to 1.4% isoflurane or vehicle gas for 2 h, and the novel object recognition test was performed 24 h postanesthesia. The drugs (ciproxifan 3 mg/kg or saline) were intraperitoneally injected in a volume of 1 mL 30 min prior to the training phase. (A) During the training phase, two identical objects were placed in two defined sites of the chamber. Animals from all four groups showed an equal preference to identical objects. (B) During the test phase performed 1 h after the training phase, one of the objects was replaced by a new object with a different shape. Time spent with the novel and familiar objects during test phase was recorded. (C) Discrimination ratio from the test phase for each treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ##P < 0.01, respectively, n = 12 per group).