Figure 2.

Ciproxifan ameliorates passive avoidance memory deficits after isoflurane. Animals were exposed to 1.4% isoflurane or vehicle gas for 2 h, and the passive avoidance test was performed 24 h postanesthesia. The drugs (ciproxifan 3 mg/kg or saline) were intraperitoneally injected in a volume of 1 mL 30 min prior to the training phase. (A) The rats were placed in a transfer chamber, and a foot shock was delivered upon entry into the dark compartment from the bright compartment. The rats from each group showed similar transfer times. (B) An hour later, the rats were placed in the transfer chamber again and the transfer time was recorded without foot shock. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (*P < 0.05 and #P < 0.05, respectively, n = 12 per group).