CXCR4 and CXCL12 were increased after ischemic stroke. (A) Quantification of CXCR4 mRNA expression in the IBZ by real‐time PCR after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of reperfusion (n = 5 per group). Data are expressed as fold change versus sham. (B) Representative images of the IBZ at indicated time points after tMCAO double‐stained with CXCR4 (green) and iNOS (red) antibodies. DAPI staining (blue) was used to label the nucleus. Double positive cells indicated by arrows are shown at higher magnification in the left‐bottom panels. Scare bar: 40, 10, and 20 μm, respectively. (C) Quantification of CXCR4+/iNOS+ and CXCR4+/iNOS− cells per mm2 in the IBZ at indicated time points after tMCAO or sham treatment. (D) Quantification of CXCL12 mRNA expression in the IBZ by real‐time PCR after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of reperfusion (n = 5 per group). Data are expressed as fold change versus sham. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus sham.