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. 2017 Mar 20;23(4):272–290. doi: 10.1111/cns.12684

Table 1.

The binding affinity of adenosine to its receptors and the KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) values for caffeine binding to human adenosine receptors22, 38

A1R A2AR A2BR A3R
Adenosine 0.3‐3 nmol/L 1‐20 nmol/L 0.5‐5 μmol/L <10 nmol/L
Caffeine (KD) 12 μmol/L 2.4 μmol/L 13 μmol/L 80 μmol/L