Table 4.

Staining Scores of TRPV4‐, PKC‐, PKA‐Immunopositive Cells in FCD and Control Specimens

	CTX (n = 10)	FCDIa (n = 15)	FCDIIa (n = 12)	FCDIIb (n = 12)
TRPV4	1.15 ± 0.18	1.90 ± 0.14*	2.45 ± 0.25*	2.65 ± 0.33*
PKC	1.07 ± 0.12	1.36 ± 0.27*	2.21 ± 0.18*	2.57 ± 0.22*
PKA	1.51 ± 0.31	1.55 ± 0.37#	1.52 ± 0.29#	1.54 ± 0.24#

CTX, normal control cerebral cortex; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; TRPV4, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4; PKC, protein kinase C; PKA, protein kinase A.

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM where immunoreactivity was scored as: 0, absent; 1, weak; 2, moderate; or 3, strong.

*P < 0.01, ^# P > 0.05, FCDIa, FCDIIa, FCDIIb versus CTX, ANOVA.