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. 2015 Dec 10;22(2):135–145. doi: 10.1111/cns.12487

Figure 4.

Figure 4

NS383 reduces persistent nocifensive behaviors in the formalin test. Rats were administered either drug or vehicle at the time (t) indicated prior to intraplantar injection of formalin (5% in saline, 50 μL, s.c.) into the hindpaw. % Vehicle values are shown for the first phase (0–5 min), interphase (6–15 min) or second phase (16–40 min) of the test. Effects of (A) NS383 (10–60 mg/kg, i.p., t = −30 min), (B) amiloride (50–200 mg/kg, i.p., t = −60 min), (C) morphine (3–10 mg/kg, s.c., t = −30 min), (D) acetaminophen (100–400 mg/kg i.p., t = −30 min) or vehicle. All groups n = 8 rats except for morphine 6 mg/kg n = 9 rats, morphine 10 mg/kg n = 9 rats. Data are presented as mean ± SE *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus corresponding vehicle group (one‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test).