Figure 1.

Kainate induces anxiety‐related behaviors in the mice. An elevated plus‐maze was used to evaluate anxiety‐related behavior. (A) The diagram shows experimental methods to examine a mouse staying in the open arms versus closed ones in an elevated plus‐maze. (B) illustrates a comparison in the time for mice staying in the open arms jr total arms (open‐arm time/total‐arm time) in the mice with the intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid (red bar, n = 11) and saline (blue, n = 6), respectively (*P < 0.05). (C) illustrates a comparison in the entry times of mice into the open arms versus total arms (entry to open arm/total arm) in the mice with the peritoneal injections of kainic acid (red bar, n = 11) and saline (blue, n = 6), respectively (*P < 0.05). The duration for staying in the open arms is shorter, and the entry times are lower significantly in the intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid, implying kainate‐induced anxiety. (D) illustrates the total distances traveled in the arms from control and anxiety‐related behavior mice, indicating their normal locomotion.