Table 3.

Zonisamide in clinical practice

Study	Design	Patients	Intervention	Duration	Results
Dupont et al., 2010 22 Zonegran in the European Union Study (ZEUS)	Open‐label multicenter noncomparative	281 patients with refractory partial seizures	Zonisamide 200–500 mg/day Adjunctive therapy	Fixed dose: Zonisamide 400 mg/day (period 1: weeks 10–13) Zonisamide 500 mg/day (period 2: weeks 16–19)	Median reduction in seizure frequency from baseline: Fixed‐dose period 1: OC: 33.5% (95% CI, 25.0–48.4); LOCF: 32.1% (95% CI, 20.0–46.2) Fixed‐dose period 2: OC: 41.1% (95% CI, 30.4–50.0); LOCF: 33.3% (95% CI, 23.1–42.9)
Stefan et al., 2011 23 Zonisamid im Alltag der Epilepsiepatienten study	Multicenter phase 4	365 patients with partial seizures	Zonisamide Adjunctive therapy to carbamazepine, valproate, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, or levetiracetam	4 months	≥50% seizure frequency reduction: Range: 80.0% (levetiracetam) to 91.7% (carbamazepine) ≥75% seizure frequency reduction: Range: 40.0% (levetiracetam) to 79.3% (lamotrigine) Seizure freedom Range: 26.7% (levetiracetam) to 65.5% (lamotrigine) Decreased baseline AED dose: Range: 6.9% (lamotrigine) to 37.7% (carbamazepine)
Chung et al., 2007 24	Single‐center retrospective database	479 patients (828 exposures) partial or generalized seizures	Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, or zonisamide	2 years	Retention rate: Lamotrigine: 186 (74.1%) Zonisamide: 77 (60.2%) Oxcarbazepine: 57 (58.8%) Levetiracetam: 105 (53.6%) Topiramate: 69 (44.2%)
Dupont et al., 2013 25 OZONE study	Observational longitudinal naturalistic	Patients with complex partial epilepsy who had started zonisamide ≥3 months before inclusion	Zonisamide 300 mg/day (median) Adjunctive	Visit 1: inclusion Visit 2: 3–6 months	Seizure frequency reduction (from 16.0 seizures/month): Visit 1: 8.7 seizures/month Visit 2: 7.1 seizures/month Response rate Visit 1: 61.9% Visit 2: 65.9% Seizure freedom Visit 1: 31.1% Visit 2: 25.6%
Wroe et al., 2008 26	Long‐term extension to Brodie et al., 2005 16	317 patients with refractory partial seizures	Zonisamide 100–600 mg/day	3 years	Retention rate: 1 year: 65.3% 2 years: 44.5% 3 years: 28.8% Median monthly reductions in seizure rates from baseline: 1 year: 45.0% 2 years: 45.7% 3 years: 47.0%
Catarino et al., 2011 27	Single‐center clinic visits	417 patients with partial seizures, with or without secondary generalization, or generalized seizures	Zonisamide 25–1200 mg (median, 225 mg)	3 years	Retention rate: 1 year: 62% (95% CI, 57–67%) 2 years: 46% (95% CI, 40–51%) 3 years: 30% (95% CI, 24–36%)

AED, antiepileptic drug; CI, confidence interval; LOCF, last observation carried forward; OC, observed cases.