Table 1.

Hemodynamic date and stress hormones during the study period

Variables	Group	T0	T1	T2	T3
HR (bpm)	D	107 ± 8.99	97.2 ± 9.11^*	98.6 ± 7.58^*	107 ± 7.07
HR (bpm)	L	106 ± 9.94	99.9 ± 10.6^*	101 ± 8.48^*	110 ± 8.32
MAP (mmHg)	D	80.2 ± 6.39	67.4 ± 8.27^*	69.7 ± 8.19^*	77.0 ± 8.45
MAP (mmHg)	L	78.1 ± 7.90	69.6 ± 8.09^*	71.3 ± 8.58^*	78.1 ± 9.67
Cortisol (µg/dL)	D	15.0 ± 1.80	10.5 ± 1.54^*	9.12 ± 1.67^*	7.98 ± 1.28^*
Cortisol (µg/dL)	L	15.8 ± 2.17	13.2 ± 2.01^* ^, ^**	11.9 ± 1.87^* ^, ^**	10.7 ± 1.22^* ^, ^**
β‐endorphin (ng/mL)	D	5.21 ± 1.66	5.56 ± 1.74	5.81 ± 1.95	7.96 ± 1.99^*
β‐endorphin (ng/mL)	L	5.42 ± 1.98	6.20 ± 1.81	6.57 ± 1.61	10.5 ± 1.76^* ^, ^**
Insulin (UIU/mL)	D	2.48 ± 0.68	2.95 ± 0.89	3.18 ± 0.76	5.19 ± 0.89^*
Insulin (UIU/mL)	L	2.52 ± 0.98	2.78 ± 0.79	2.90 ± 0.86	3.82 ± 0.79^* ^, ^**

HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; BIS, bispectral Index; T0, before anesthesia; T1, 5 min after tracheal intubation; T2, 15 min after operation started; T3, 5 min after tracheal extubation; D group, deep group; L group, light group.

Data are mean ± SD.

*P<0.05, Compare with T0; **P<0.01 between groups.