Table 1.
Demographics of participant patients and normal controls
| Characteristics | Normal Controls (n = 30) | Patients with HE (n = 30) | Patients without HE (n = 49) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54.6 ± 7.95 | 58.2 ± 11.02 | 53.4 ± 8.75 | 0.09 |
| Gender (Male/Female,%) | 26/30 (86.7) | 26/4 (86.7) | 32/17 (65.3) | 0.03 |
| Currently Smoking, Y/N (%) | 14/30 (46.7) | 15/30 (50.0) | 27/49 (55.1) | 0.74 |
| History of Diabetes, Y/N (%) | 3/30 (10.0) | 4/30 (13.3) | 10/49 (20.4) | 0.33 |
| History of Hypertension, Y/N (%) | 10/30 (33.3) | 26/29 (89.7) | 35/48 (72.9) | 0.00 |
| History of Hyperlipidaemia, Y/N (%) | 5/30 (16.7) | 5/26 (19.2) | 8/47 (17.0) | 0.96 |
| SBP at admission (mmHg) | 133.3 ± 12.4 (n = 29) | 172.6 ± 26.3 (n = 30) | 172.3 ± 25.3 (n = 49) | 0.00 |
| DBP at admission (mmHg) | 87.8 ± 9.1 (n = 30) | 100.6 ± 16.1 (n = 30) | 99.8 ± 13.9 (n = 49) | 0.00 |
| WBC (10E9/L) | NA | 8.49 ± 2.89 | 205.7 ± 49.4 | 0.83 |
| PLT (10E9/L) | NA | 8.66 ± 3.49 | 195.8 ± 49.5 | 0.40 |
| Anticoagulant medication, (%) | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Antihypertensive medication, (%) | NA | 46.7 | 63.3 | 0.15 |
| Antiplatelet medication, (%) | NA | 13.3 | 16.4 | 0.72 |
NA, Data not available.