Table 1.
Definitions of metabolic syndrome
| Clinical measure | WHO (1998) [15] | EGIR (1999) [16] | ATP III (2001) [17] | AACE (2003) [18] | IDF (2005) [19] | AHA/NHLBI (2005) [8] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin resistance | IGT, IFG, T2DM, or lowered insulin sensitivity plus any 2 of the following | Plasma insulin >75th percentile plus any 2 of the following | None, but any 3 of the following 5 features | IGT or IFG plus any of the following based on clinical judgment | None | None, but any 3 of the following 5 features |
| Body weight | Men: waist‐to‐hip ratio > 0.90; women: waist‐to‐hip ratio > 0.85 and/or BMI > 30 kg/m2 | WC ≥ 94 cm in men or ≥ 80 cm in women | WC ≥ 102 cm in men or ≥ 88 cm in women | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | Increased WC (population specific) plus any 2 of the following | ≥ 102 cm (≥ 40 inches) in men ≥ 88 cm (≥35 inches) in women |
| Lipid | TG ≥ 150 mg/dL and/or HDL‐C < 35 mg/dL in men or < 39 mg/dL in women | TG ≥ 150 mg/dL and/or HDL‐C < 39 mg/dL in men or women | TG ≥ 150 mg/dL HDL‐C < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women | TG ≥ 150 mg/dL and HDL‐C < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women | TG ≥ 150 mg/dL or on TG Rx HDL‐C <40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women or on HDL‐C Rx | TG ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) or on drug treatment for elevated triglycerides HDL‐C < 40 mg/dL (1.03 mmol/L) in men or < 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women or on drug treatment for reduced HDL‐C |
| BP | ≥140/90 mmHg | ≥140/90 mmHg or on hypertension Rx | ≥130/85 mmHg | ≥130/85 mmHg | ≥130 mmHg systolic or ≥ 85 mmHg diastolic or on hypertension Rx | ≥130 mmHg systolic BP or ≥ 85 mmHg diastolic BP or on antihypertensive drug treatment in patient with a history of hypertension |
| Glucose | IGT, IFG, or T2DM | IGT or IFG (but not diabetes) | >110 mg/dL (includes diabetes) | IGT or IFG (but not diabetes) | ≥100 mg/dL (includes diabetes) | ≥100 mg/dL (includes diabetes) or on drug treatment for elevated glucose |
| Other | Microalbuminuria | Other features of insulin resistance |
Adapted from Grundy et al. [8].
WHO, World Health Organization; EGIR, European Group for Study of Insulin Resistance; ATP III, Adult Treatment Panel III; AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; IDF, International Diabetes Foundation; AHA/NHLBI, American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
IGT, impaired glucose intolerance; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; TG, triglycerides; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.